King Arthur And The Arthurian Legend - 906 Words

King Arthur, the Knights of the Round Table, and other famous Arthurian legends were believed to be mostly truth in the 11th Century. Many people enjoyed the idea that their history once contained a time of chivalry and wonder such as the tall tales described. Indeed, some today believe the same. However, King Arthur, despite being an influential figure from the 11th century onwards, was mostly a work a fiction, his tales and legends an amalgamation of truth and fantasy with some historical basis and much exaggeration. Arthurian legend is a blend of myths and historical fact, shown through Arthur’s conquests, the fabled sword and the historical King Arthur. King Arthur, despite the original, first claims of his achievements, did not defeat†¦show more content†¦However, the fabled â€Å"Sword in the Stone† was not a common part of the legend until the 12th century. First records show that it was first written of in the works of French poet Robert de Boron. Before this, there is no record of the sword in Arthurian legend. To some, this may be a sign that the sword was simply a plot device, simple fiction meant to enhance the story. However, despite appearing seemingly from nowhere, there may be some degree of historical fact behind it. Researchers from The Skeptical Inquirer have found a sword buried in a stone, dating back to the 11th century. A relic from a peaceful, pacifistic Italian saint, the ancient sword has sat in the ruined remains of a chapel for hundreds of years. As Luigi Garlaschelli, writer for the Inquirer, said, â€Å"[T]he sword would date back to the same period as the legend of the sword† (Garlas chelli). And although the sword was said to have belonged to an Italian saint, it is close enough in both proximity and time period to have been absorbed into Arthurian legend. This is evidence that the legends are at least partially based in fact, giving a dash of truth to the tall tales. King Arthur has many things in common with his legends. For example, he is an equal mix of history and myth. Scholars believe that there was indeed aShow MoreRelatedGuinnevere of the King Arthur Legends1226 Words   |  5 PagesGuinevere of the King Arthur legends is called the daughter of King Leodegrance. (Britannia) In early Welsh tales she was said to be the daughter of a giant. (Senior 84) She is actually the daughter of a Roman Roman noble. (Britannia) Born in C.AD 490 . (Fords) Guinevere descended from a noble family of romans. (Lace 63) It is true that Guinevere is sexual, that she craves the love of a man who (unlike Arthur) has â€Å"A touch of earth.† (MaChan 200) She is also self-centered and small-minded. (MaChanRead MoreArthurian Legends Effects on English Society1104 Words   |  5 PagesWhat role did the great King Arthur play in the way English Literature is perceived? The Arthurian Legends reveal King Arthur as a chivalrous king and not as a historical f igure but as a myth of mass amounts of achievements. From his search of the Holy Grail, to his perfect society in Camelot and his development of the Round Table, King Arthur’s legend displayed his heroic character. Through the many countless legends of the glorious King Arthur, England’s society underwent a drastic change inRead MoreEssay about The Once and Future King1411 Words   |  6 Pages The Once and Future King, or King Arthur, is a legend that is, despite its age, known by all. Everyone has heard of King Arthur and his loyal knights that make up the Round Table, but the rest of the famous legend is less known. If asked about Arthur’s parentage or birthplace, most people would not know. How many people can name off Arthur’s knights? Everyone knows Arthur’s name, but the details are less defined. Arthurian legend has many parts, the first being how Arthur came into being, then theRead MoreKing Arthur Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe st ories and legends surrounding the character of King Arthur are among the best known of all stories about kings and knights. The stories and legends surrounding the character of King Arthur are among the best known of all stories about kings and knights. He is the greatest of British literary heroes, although little is known about the real person. Folklore and literature provide examples of a recurrent myth about a leader or hero who has not really died, but is asleep somewhere orRead MoreSummary Of Edward I, Arthurian Enthusiast1741 Words   |  7 Pageswrites ‘Edward I, Arthurian Enthusiast’ in regards to Edward I and his personal interest in the rule of Arthur; centuries before. Both rulers of England, conquers and warrior kings, their rules run a similar path, yet as stated by Loomis, it was Edward who took inspiration from Arthur. Ultimately, the thesis of this article by Loomis is whether Edward’s status as an ‘Arthurian enthusiast’ is historically viable. The author explores this debate by analysing Edward’s interest in Arthurian Romance, the conceptRead More The Mists of Avalon, by Marion Zimmer Bradley Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mists of Avalon, by Marion Zimmer Bradley The Mists of Avalon, by Marion Zimmer Bradley, is not only an example of a Medieval Romance, but also tells the story of the women who stood behind King Arthur during his infamous reign in the Middle Ages. The term â€Å"Medieval Romance† does not necessarily mean that the piece using it contains any sort of romance. There are three criteria that must be meet to form a Medieval Romance. (1) The plot must divide into sharply separate episodes that often doRead MoreEssay on King Arthur: Distinguishing Fact from Fiction877 Words   |  4 Pagesboth the fact and the fiction surrounding who King Arthur was, what he did, and the historical basis for the king. Before exploring the historical truths, it is important that some of the well-known tales, myths and legends are brought into the light. Many stories revolve around themes such as young Arthur pulling the sword out of the stone, the epic love/hate relationship between the wizards Merlin and Morgana, and the valiant conquests of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. The SwordRead More King Arthur Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesKing Arthur Character Analysis Although King Arthur is one of the most well-known figures in the world, his true identity remains a mystery. Attempts to identify the historical Arthur have been unsuccessful, since he is largely a product of fiction. Most historians, though, agree that the real Arthur was probably a battle leader of the Britons against the Anglo-Saxons in the sixthth century. In literature, King Arthurs character is unique and ever changing, taking on a different face inRead MoreThe Robert De Boron s Prose Merlin1368 Words   |  6 PagesThe Arthurian legend is one that has las lasted centuries. It has been changed and altered as different authors add to and change the story. Even though the details of the plot have changed over time there are certain aspects and themes that remain strong throughout the different versions. There are three main themes in the legend that have lasted different authors across different eras. The ideas of war, loyalty, and religion are common themes that run through t he stories of Robert de Boron’s ProseRead MoreKing Arthur Analysis1337 Words   |  6 PagesMandira Panta Arthurian Literature Prof. Beth Martin Birky Fim Analysis: King Arthur December 7, 2017 King Arthur: Historically Inaccurate but Intriguing The film King Arthur (2004), as it proclaims is the â€Å"untold true story that inspired the legend†. With Clive Owen and Keira Knightley as the main characters, the trailer looked very promising. Yet, the movie was a great disappointment to many of the Arthurian legends enthusiasts. Jonathan Rosenbaum, an American film critic said â€Å"If this is history

Western European Architecture Free Essays

This paper is based on the architecture of Medieval Period from 500AC – 1400AD and its styles such as Byzantine, Early Christian, Romanesque and Gothic. Moreover, the paper also covers certain examples from South Florida and the famous buildings standing there. Although a lot of time has passed since the medieval times, we can still see some buildings that were built in the medieval times. We will write a custom essay sample on Western European Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most of the houses that were built during this time were mostly those that belonged to the rich merchants. However, in most of the places the construction done earlier has been replaced as these buildings have been rebuilt and remodeled. The town houses that were built during this time were partially similar to their rural counterparts and they were basically designed due to the lack of space. This is because, previously, land especially in the towns was considered to be very important. The normal town plot in the medieval times was long and narrow and it ran back from the front of the street. Features of the medieval town houses The houses that were planned in the medieval times were basically rectangular in shape and they had a gable end or a wing that faced towards the street. The front part of the house that was on the ground floor was usually used for the purpose of doing trade or used to be used as a shop. Behind the shop, used to be a hall or the main living area and this was further extended to two more storeys and at the back of the house, used to be a counting house or an office along with stores and warehouses as well and an additional accommodation on the upper floor mainly above all the other rooms. The kitchen was separated from the main house and it was an isolated structure at the rear near the courtyard. The upper storey adjoined the street and it used to overhang the street and this gave more space to the upper story than the space at the ground floor, however there was a disadvantage of this as well because the overhanging of upper floors increased the risk of fire spreading. Halls, solars and privies Most of the houses were framed with timber and had wattle walls and the houses for the rich people were built with stone walls. The main element of the houses in the medieval times was the halls that were divided by screens that formed a passageway that led from the pantries and a kitchen area. The hall extended the full height of the building and the hall was used as a general living room by everyone who lived in the house. Privacy was very little and the family members needed a place to keep warm and for recreational purposes. In the hall, there used to be a blazing fire and its smoke used to escape through a hole that was present in the roof that was covered by louvre. The fireplaces and the chimneys were also one of the important features of the medieval times. The domestic chambers that were also known as solars and were used as sleeping rooms and it was located above the passage. At times, these were also fronted by a gallery that overlooked the hall. Even during the middle ages, the timber frames were being used extensively. There were no proper sanitation facilities in the medieval houses and the privies or garderobes were made in the thickness of the walls of larger town houses or as projecting jetties. Garderobes used to get discharged through pipes and gutters into a pit and the chamber pots were used in ordinary dwellings. Furniture and fittings Not much furniture was used in the houses by the people who lived in the medieval times. The only furniture that used to be present in the houses was a table that used to be covered with a linen cloth. Moreover, they had benches or forms, a chair, stools, chests, small cupboards, shelves housing cups, jugs, pewter, knives and spoons, bowls and plates. The people stored their food items in the small cupboards. The poor in the medieval times used palettes to sleep on. These were bags that were filled with dried ferns, rushes or heather, however the people who were well-off used wooden bedsteads to sleep on and it was very rare that the people possessed proper beds, curtains and hangings. Byzantine architecture This is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire and it emerged as a distinct artistic and cultural entity and today, it is referred as the Roman Empire after AD 330 and at this time the Roman Empire shifted its capital from Rome to Byzantium. This empire that continued for more than a hundred years influenced the Medieval and Renaissance era architecture in Europe but later in 1453, the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks led directly to the architecture of the Ottoman Empire. Early Christian Architecture This flourished from the third to the seventh century and it was produced for the unsplited Christian church. During the Late Antique period, Roman art and architecture extended in the late second till the seventh century and the Byzantine art and architecture existed from fifth till the seventh century. Christianity was made the state religion of the Roman Empire before the Edict of Milan. However, the art adopted by the Christians was restricted as they just used to decorate the hidden places of worship and most of this was derived from Roman art and was developed accordingly to suit the religion. The ideals of perfection used to get rejected by the artists, instead they used to draw images that reflected spiritual significance. In order to envisage the Christian concepts, an iconography was also formulated. In the beginning, the Christians only used to express their arts in terms of transmitting their faith and belief and not as a way of expressing beauty. Later onwards, in the fourth century, the early Christian architecture flourished under the imperial sponsorship. There used to be mainly two types of buildings. . The longitudinal hall – basilica 2. The centralized building – a baptistery or a mausoleum. The exteriors of Early Christian buildings were plain and unadorned; however on the contrary, the interiors were richly decorated and had marble floors and wall slabs, frescoes, mosaics, metal works, hangings, and sumptuous altar furnishings in gold and silver. Early Christian illuminated manuscripts are of an unusually high quality, however nowadays such kin d of architecture is rarely seen. Romanesque architecture This term was used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which evolved into the Gothic style beginning in the 12th century and this terms means â€Å"descended from Roman† and was used to describe the style from the early 19th century, however there is no specific date that is there as a proof from which this type of architecture came into existence but it ranged from the sixth century till the 10 century. Since the Imperial Roman architecture, the Romanesque architecture is known as the first pan-European architectural style, moreover this style in England is usually named as Norman architecture. The Romanesque architecture basically is a combination of the features found in the Western Roman and Byzantine buildings, furthermore it used to have substantial quality with thick walls and round arches along with sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers and decorative arcading. The Gothic building followed the Romanesque architecture but comparing the two, the buildings of the Romanesque architecture had clearly defined forms and they were regular based on a symmetrical plan. The overall appearance of the buildings was simple and could clearly be identified all over Europe although the material and the characteristics in different parts of Europe were different and a lot of castles have been reported to be built during this period. Gothic Architecture It is already mentioned in the previous section that the Gothic architecture followed the Romanesque architecture. This flourished mainly during the late medieval period and was succeeded by the Renaissance architecture. Gothic architecture originated in the twelfth century and lasted till the sixteenth century and during this period the Gothic architecture was known as the French style. The main characters of Gothic architecture include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress. Most of the people are able to recognize the Gothic architecture. This is because most of the great cathedrals, abbeys and parish churches of Europe are built using the features of this. It also has many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities, however the private dwellings were not much extensively built. The Gothic architecture was expressed most powerfully in the churches and cathedrals and some of the civic buildings as well and its characteristics normally expressed the emotions. Many religious buildings were built during this period and the smallest buildings are often differentiated from the other architectural designs. However, the larger churches are considered invaluable works of art. These buildings are also listed with UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. The Gothic revivals began in the mid-18th century starting from England and it spread through 19th-century in Europe that continued till the 20th century and this was largely based on the religious building and the universities. How to cite Western European Architecture, Papers

Domestic Violence for Threats Humiliation and Sexual Abuse

Question: Discuss about theDomestic Violence for Threats Humiliation and Sexual Abuse. Answer: Introduction: Domestic violence is one of the complex and the large scale issues that are to be experienced by a large number of the individuals every year. Domestic violence level fills the the victim with the anxiety, fear, and shame . Domestic violence is the abuse or violence that is done by one adult on the other and happens within the context of close relationships, such as the intimate partners or the other members of the family. It also includes the other members of the family, such as among the inlaws abusing among the partner abusing (Oliver, 2007). Domestic violence is the common reality of the todays society. Domestiv violence may includes the aggressive acts such as beating and constant humiliation of the victim , usage of the drugs and the alcohol are the the main reason of happening the domestic violence among the families. In the essay will discuss about the programmes and the efforts that are being followed for the eradication of the domestic violence from the society. Such progra mmes include the principles and the right of social justice that is based on the basic human rights and also focus in promoting the safety of the family members. There are wide-ranging consequences related to the domestic violence depending on the victim, the intensity of violence, age group and occurrence of the suffering the individuals suffering from domestic violence are subjected (Nowakowski Mattern, 2014). Existing under the unvarying fear, humiliation and threat are the certain types of the feelings which are originated in the brains of the victims as an outcome of a frightful violence (Nowakowski Mattern, 2014). The domestic violence consequences are broadly categorised as the impact on the fatality and the relations; impact on the humanity and the; impact on the productivity and the growth of the nation Reduction programmes related to domestic violence With the consideration of the current situation and the challenges that are faced in the eradication of the domestic violence from the society certain programmes are proposed by the public health person for the reduction of the domestic violence from the society. In such programmes the public health persons play a very vital role in removing the domestic violence form the society. The public health individuals develop the programmes that promoted the safety guided with social justice and with this the following of the human rights for the youth, women and the children that are impacted in a great way through the violence which occurs in the house as in certain occasions like the perpetrator of domestic violence directly as in sexually or the physical abuse of a child. Watching violence against the mothers may have detrimental or the abusive effect on the child (Smallbone Rayment-McHugh, 2012). In certain cases or circumstances there where the children that are abused by theperpetrat or as a part of the domestic violence which occurs at home against the women, such public health persons runs the awareness programmes through the latest audio visual messages, film and the print media that domestic violence is not acceptable (Smallbone Rayment-McHugh, 2012). Domestic violence normally happens in sequence, involve the social worker for recognising, hence interventions can be done appropriately. Certain barriers are present to identify the domestic violence (Tollefson Phillips, 2015). Many of the womens affected from the domestic violence are either the unenthusiastic or the one who are unable to receive help either for themselves or their children. Certain women may be held captive, or the others may lack the transportation or the other financial means for receiving help (Tollefson Phillips, 2015). For the prevention of the violence from the community, certain measures are to be taken such as Raising awareness related to the issues of family violence Establish such norms which result in the violence to be unacceptable (Kang, 2012). Changing the conditions of the community and society that in turn contributes towards the violence (Kang, 2012). Structuring the network of the influential individuals in the community; Assembling the institutions and services that are accountable to the needs of the community (Kang, 2012). The freedom form the domestic violence is the fundamental right of each and every individual in the society; and is recognised under the freedom of expression, right to life and right to live the life free from ohysical and mental torture. Towards the end of the family violence the first step is related to the victims and offspring, which are to engage them with the practitioners who can be trusted and confide. It is found that the social worker frequently struggles for finding balance among to ensure the safety of the child and the mother at the same time concurrently empowering the women for their safety (Oliver, 2007). It is believed that the womens who are the survivors of the domestic violence can act as an excellent source to get engaged in the advocacy of the domestic violence that leads to the provision of the improved services and development of the policies (Lia-Hoagberg et.al,, 2001). With the embracement of such approach, a way can be opened for the better engagement with such susceptible individuals, motivated jointly to make certain safety and enlarged capability for accessing support and service (Ross et.al,, 2011). In certain circumstances of avoidance, there positively wants to be additional inter-agen cy synchronization when attending as per the requirements of mothers and their family. In the practices related to the social works; social work students and social workers ought to maintain the work for the institutional changes in building the relationship among the women experiencing the domestic violence at priority (Fowler, 2007). The values of the social workers related to the Domestic violence is to provide the services in relation to the treatment of the mental health during the trauma of violence, the significance of the human relationships that is within the larger social environment and the family system, self-esteem and value of the individuals, social justice and competence that is the ability of the social worker in serving the population, professionally, objectively and effectively. It is believed that not only the financial factors contribute to the issue, whereas domestic violence is also resulting in certain psychological issues which are to be a tackle to stop the cycle of abuse. The two affecting dynamics contributes greatly to the domestic violence one is that involves the critical inner voice or negative thought process which abusers incident both to themselves and the partners (Fowler, 2007). The further factor that involves the damaging false impression of the relationship between the couple. This dynamic feed into an intellect that an additional person can create and is accountable for one's happiness. Such two treacherous systems of beliefs set up an atmosphere for abuse. Certain physiological programmes are developed and implemented by the government, which helps the violent offenders or the dominant males in the society with the help of certain techniques to identify that when are triggered for the violence should hit the pause button in their behaviour at the time of stress (Holtzworth-Munroe, 2000). Such individuals are able to handle the situations with reasonable decisions in terms of the behaviour. Such physclogical may directly challenge the critical inner voices and destructive thoughts that feed the aggression in the behaviour (Guterman, 2004). Such actions help the individuals in accepting the hundred percent responsibilities for their actions and also helps those who are e violent to rehabilitate by helping them in their real self and to teach how to recognise the emotions, with this also enables to fell forgiveness and compassion not only for others but also for themselves (Holtzworth-Munroe, 2000). Certain effective strategies are learnt to recognize when getting triggered and not going towards the destructive cycle of violence. (Wessels Ward, 2015). Such rehabilitation programmes which emphasise the self-control, self-reflection, empathy and builds resilience allows the individuals to stop the cycle of violence. The abuse cycle keeps the partners in the abusive relationships with having control on them. The partners expect that abusers do not signify to damage them and is going to change (Wessels Ward, 2015). Privacy, lack of opportunity, fear, and low down self-esteem all merge to make parting an insulting partner tremendously difficult. Parting possibly will also be complicated because abusers over and over again escalate the aggression in order to keep the partners in the relationship. In detection by the abusers that the partners might leave, their partners' danger of damages or the death increases (Wessels Ward, 2015). In such cases of the Domestic violence, the counselling also proves to be helpful in supporting the clinical and the advocacy services to the individuals who are impacted from the domestic violence (Julian, Gelles Loseke, 1996). The trauma councillors works with the saviours of the domestic trauma in developing such secondary reactions related to the trauma and for the exposure of the trauma experiences of the individuals. The sessions of the counselling related to domestic violence help thin developing the self esteem among the victims of the domestic violence (Julian, Gelles Loseke, 1996). The major component of the Family and Domestic Violence Reduction Strategy is an incorporated reply which addresses the pessimistic impact of service breakup has upon the susceptible individuals. Such components are to Directorate the Domestic violence for providing the support and leadership; a centralised system of referral where support link is to intervene early and identify the victims (Giles-Sims et. al, 1998). The framework related to the family safety is to protect the victims of high risk from the future harms and specialised services related to support for the childrens and victims, and helping the victims in rebuilding their lives. To ensure the NT funded perpetrator programs that are based on the evidence and comply with the National Standards with this reviewing the legislation related to the family and domestic violence (Fowler, 2007). In a research it is identified that such domestic violence is life-threatening and serious that is affecting approximately 30% of the Australian females that are killed by their male partners after the separation. Between July 1989 and December 1993, furthered 35% of the Australian children aged within 14 years and below were incurably battered and died as the consequences of the disputes within the family dispute (Giles-Sims et. al, 1998). The victims related to the child death might or might not be fatalities of the perpetrators aggression prior to such fatal assault. In Queensland, the Domestic and Family Violence Protection Act 2012 aim in maximising the protection, safety and wellbeing of the individuals that fears or experiences the domestic violence and also minimising the distraction to their lives (Fowler, 2007). Such act helps in the reducing or preventing the exposure of the children towards the domestic violence and also ensuring the perpetrators related to violence are apprehended responsible for such actions (Fowler, 2007). . This Domestic and Family Violence Protection Act 2012 replaced the Domestic and Family Violence Protection Act 1989 and identified the civil reply set out in the Act be supposed to function with, not instead of, several options that may be accessible from side to side to the criminal processes. In section 8 the Family and Domestic violence is defined as the behaviour that is used by any one individual towards the another individual that is in a pertinent relationship(Giles-Sims et. al, 1998). Conclusion: Hence to conclude, the discussed programmes cosider the change in the philosophy of the domestic violence from the society and is approaching towards the social justice and fundamental rights of the human. The engagement of the community for ending the domestic violence is one of the complex works, but with the changing society, it is happening in smaller increments (Coker, 2016). The programmes clearly demonstrated that the domestic violence does not take place in a vacuity and with the intention of the public solutions must replicate the complete scope of the issue of anxiety to the residents. The effective involvement and the functioning incorporation with the residents can move forward the individuals related to the social change with creative and new approaches so as to discover the ways in creating healthy communities where individuals desire to survive: where there is work, in the association of spirit, where families know how and when to get support. Hence , the programmes di scussed above represent an incorporated approach to reduce the domestic violence and the effective implementation of the programmes may help to reduce domestic violence from the society. References Coker, D. (2016). Domestic Violence and Social Justice.Violence Against Women,22(12), 1426-1437. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801215625851 Dodd, V. (2007). Injury and Violence Prevention.Family Community Health,30(4), 367. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.fch.0000290551.62724.5e Fowler, D. (2007). The Extent of Substance Use Problems Among Women Partner Abuse Survivors Residing in a Domestic Violence Shelter.Family Community Health,30, S106-S108. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003727-200701001-00014 Giles-Sims, J., Barnett, O., Miller-Perrin, C., Perrin, R. (1998). Family Violence Across the Lifespan.Journal Of Marriage And The Family,60(1), 264. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/353460 Guterman, N. (2004). Advancing Prevention Research on Child Abuse, Youth Violence, and Domestic Violence.Journal Of Interpersonal Violence,19(3), 299-321. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260503261153 Holtzworth-Munroe, A. (2000). Domestic violence: Combining scientific inquiry and advocacy.Prevention Treatment,3(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1522-3736.3.0022c Julian, T., Gelles, R., Loseke, D. (1996). Current Controversies on Family Violence.Family Relations,45(2), 243. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/585306 Kang, J. (2012). The Impact of Family Environment-Related Factors on Violence Against Adults in the Family.Journal Of Family Violence,27(4), 303-312. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-012-9432-6 Lia-Hoagberg, B., Kragthorpe, C., Schaffer, M., Hill, D. (2001). Community Interdisciplinary Education to Promote Partnerships in Family Violence Prevention.Family Community Health,24(1), 15-27. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003727-200104000-00005 Nowakowski, E., Mattern, K. (2014). An Exploratory Study of the Characteristics that Prevent Youth from Completing a Family Violence Diversion Program.Journal Of Family Violence,29(2), 143-149. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-013-9572-3 Oliver, B. (2007). Preventing Female-Perpetrated Sexual Abuse.Trauma, Violence, Abuse,8(1), 19-32. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838006296747 Ross, S., Frere, M., Healey, L., Humphreys, C. (2011). A Whole of Government Strategy for Family Violence Reform.Australian Journal Of Public Administration,70(2), 131-142. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2011.00717.x Smallbone, S., Rayment-McHugh, S. (2012). Preventing Youth Sexual Violence and Abuse: Problems and Solutions in the Australian Context.Australian Psychologist,48(1), 3-13. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-9544.2012.00071.x Tollefson, D., Phillips, I. (2015). A Mind-Body Bridging Treatment Program for Domestic Violence Offenders: Program Overview and Evaluation Results.Journal Of Family Violence,30(6), 783-794. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9715-9 Wessels, I., Ward, C. (2015). A best buy for violence prevention: Evaluating parenting skills programmes.South African Crime Quarterly,54(0), 17. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sacq.v54i1.2